Now, let's explore network topologies, which describe how devices in a network are arranged and connected.

Common topologies include:

• Bus Topology: All devices connected to a single cable. Simple but if the cable fails, the whole network stops.
• Star Topology: Devices connected to a central hub or switch. Reliable, as one device failing doesn't affect others.
• Mesh Topology: Devices connected to multiple others. Redundant and reliable but complex.
• Ring Topology: Devices connected in a circle, data travels in one direction.

Here's a simple text diagram of a Star Topology:

    Device1
       |
Device2--Hub--Device3
       |
    Device4

Spend 10 minutes drawing your own diagrams for Bus and Mesh topologies on paper. Label the devices and connections.

Protocols are rules that govern how data is transmitted over a network. They ensure devices communicate effectively.

Key protocols include:

• TCP/IP: The foundation of the internet. TCP ensures reliable data delivery, IP handles addressing.
• HTTP/HTTPS: Used for web browsing. HTTPS is secure.
• FTP: For file transfers.
• SMTP: For sending emails.

Imagine sending a message: Protocols break it into packets, add addresses, and reassemble at the destination.

Spend 10 minutes researching one protocol further using this link: BBC Bitesize Networking. Note down three key facts.

Time for a hands-on activity! You'll design a simple network for a school computer lab.

Scenario: A lab with 10 computers, a printer, and internet access. Choose a topology (e.g., Star) and list the devices needed (computers, switch, router).

Steps:

1. Decide on the topology and explain why (5 minutes).
2. Draw a diagram on paper, showing connections (10 minutes).
3. List protocols involved, like TCP/IP for internet and HTTP for browsing (5 minutes).
4. Consider advantages and disadvantages (5 minutes).

If you have access to a drawing tool, use it; otherwise, sketch by hand. This activity should take about 25 minutes.

Let's review what you've learned. Answer these questions to test your knowledge. Spend 15 minutes on this.

1. What is the difference between LAN and WAN? (2 points)

2. Describe a Star Topology and one advantage. (3 points)

3. What does TCP/IP stand for and what is its role? (3 points)

4. In your network design, which protocol would you use for secure web access? Why? (2 points)

Write your answers in a notebook. If correct, award yourself the points. Congratulations on completing the lesson!