In this lesson, you'll learn the basics of databases by setting up SQLite in your Flask project.

SQLite is a lightweight database that stores data in a file, perfect for small projects. You'll create a database file, define a table for user data, and insert records via a Flask route handling POST requests from a form. You'll focus on connecting to the database, running basic SQL commands, and testing that data persists even after restarting the app.

By the end, you'll understand how to store and retrieve persistent data in a web backend. Here's what you'll do:

1. Set up your project.
2. Create a SQLite database and table.
3. Build a form and route to insert data.
4. Test data persistence.

To keep your work organised, start by creating a new folder for this lesson's project.

1. On your computer, create a new folder named 'FlaskSQLiteIntro'.
2. Open VS Code and select File > Open Folder, then choose 'FlaskSQLiteIntro'.

Create a virtual environment to manage your project's dependencies.

1. Open the Command Palette: View > Command Palette.
2. Type 'Python: Create Environment' and select it.
3. Choose 'Venv'.
4. Select your Python version.
5. VS Code will create a '.venv' folder.

Open a terminal in VS Code to install Flask.

1. Go to View > Terminal.
2. Run: pip install flask.
3. Wait for the installation to complete. 

A database is a structured collection of data that is organised in a way that makes it easy to store, retrieve, update, and manage information. Think of it like a digital filing cabinet where data is kept in an orderly fashion, allowing computer programs to access it quickly and efficiently.

Basic Concepts:

• Tables: Data is stored in tables, similar to spreadsheets. Each table has rows and columns.
• Rows and Columns: A row (also called a record) represents a single entry, like one user's details. Columns (or fields) define the types of data, such as 'name' or 'age'.
• Primary Key: A unique identifier for each row, like an ID number, to ensure no duplicates and enable quick lookups.
• Queries: Commands written in a language like SQL (Structured Query Language) to interact with the database, such as inserting new data, selecting specific records, or updating existing ones.
• Data Types: Specifies what kind of data can be stored in a column, e.g., text for names, integers for ages.