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60 mins
Teacher/Student led
+105 XP

Structures: Where Does It Actually Fail?

Load a tower until it fails, name how it failed (buckle, splay or twist), then add one tie or strut exactly where it broke and test whether your fix strengthens it.

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    1 - Getting Started ~5 mins

    Illustration for Getting StartedEvery tower gives way in the end. But where does it give way, and why there?

    Key point

    Watch this newspaper tube take a weight. When it lets go, keep your eyes on the spot that moved first.

    2 - Three Ways a Tower Gives Way ~7 mins

    Key point

    Today's words: buckle means a tall part folds in the middle. Splay means the feet slide apart. Twist means the tower turns and topples sideways.

    A tie is a part that is stretched, like a string. A strut is a part that is squashed, like a stick pushed on end.

    Which of the three do you think YOUR tower will do?

    3 - Sketch Your Tower and Mark the Weak Spot ~8 mins

    In your group, sketch the tower you are about to build. Label the parts.

    Key point

    Then mark with an X the one place you think it will fail, and write which of the three it will be: buckle, splay or twist.

    4 - Build the Tower ~12 mins

    Key point

    Build your tower from the newspaper, tape, straws and card on your table.

    Leave the string aside for now. The tie or strut is a fix you add later, not part of your first build.

    5 - Load It Until It Gives Way ~9 mins

    Key point

    Add the test weight to the top, one piece at a time, and count as you go.

    When it gives way, stop and record two things: how many weights it held, and which failure it was — buckle, splay or twist. Was your prediction right?

    Pupil practice · Investigation Journal
    Module 5 · Engineering: the Design Process and Structures
    Lesson 31 · Structures: Where Does It Actually Fail?
    Download Investigation Journal sheet (PDF)
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